Foil resistors are similar in characteristics to metal film resistors. Their main advantages are better stability and lower temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR). They have excellent frequency response, low TCR, good stability, and are very accurate. They are manufactured by rolling the same wire materials as used in precision wire wound resistors to make thin strips of foil. This foil is then bonded to a ceramic substrate and etched to produce the value required. They can be trimmed further by abrasive processes, chemical machining, or heat treating to achieve the desired tolerance. Their main disadvantage is that the maximum value is less than metal film resistors. The accuracy is about the same as metal film resistors, the TCR and stability approaches precision wire wounds but are somewhat less because the rolling and packaging processes produce stresses in the foil. The resistive materials used in precision wire wound resistors is very sensitive to stresses, which result in instability and higher TCS. Any stresses on these materials will result in a change in the resistance value and TCR, the greater the stresses, the larger the change. This type can be used as strain gauges, strain being measured as a change in the resistance. When used as a strain gauge, the foil is bonded to a flexible substrate that can be mounted on a part where the stress is to be measured.
Resistors are part of the electronic circuits found in most electrical devices. Resistors restrict the flow of current in electrical circuits. These components may feature high resistance, which lowers current, or small resistance, which allows electrical current to flow relatively unimpeded. Metal foil resistors are used in nanotechnology and highly sensitive electronic equipment due to their small size, long life and resistance to variations in temperature.
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