TRANSFORMER

TRANSFORMER
At home maybe you're ever faced with the voltage issue, when you will turn on the radio that requires a voltage of 6 V or 12 V. Whereas the voltage supplied by PLN 220 V. Even generators produce very high voltage to reach up to tens of thousands of volts. The truth came home to live voltage 220 ​​V. How do I change the voltage? The instrument used to raise or lower AC voltage is called transformer (transformer). Transformer has two terminals, the terminal input and output terminals. Input terminals located on the primary coil. Output terminals located on the secondary coil. Voltage to be changed is connected with input terminals. Meanwhile, the results obtained by changing the voltage at the output terminal. The working principle of transformer applying electromagnetic induction events. If the primary coil energized AC, twist iron core will become a magnet coil (electromagnet). Because the AC current, the electromagnet is always a change of magnetic force lines. Change the line style will be shifted to the secondary coil. Thus, the secondary coil also changes the magnetic lines of force. That's what's causing the induction emf in secondary coil. Meanwhile, the induced current generated is a large AC current in accordance with the number of secondary winding.

Transformer there are three main parts, namely the iron core in layers, the primary coil and secondary coil. Primary coil connected to PLN as the input voltage (input) to be raised or lowered. Secondary coil connected to the load as the output voltage (output).

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The transformer consists of three main components

The transformer is a tool used to raise or lower the voltage alternating

(AC). The transformer consists of three main components namely: the first coil (primary) which

act as an input, the second coil (secondary), which acts as the output, and an iron core

which serves to strengthen the magnetic field generated.

The working principle of a transformer are as follows. When the primary coil

connected with the source of alternating voltage, electric current changes in the primary coil

cause a changing magnetic field. A changing magnetic field is strengthened by the presence of an

iron and iron core is delivered to the secondary coil, so that at the ends of the coil

secondary induced emf will arise. This effect is called mutual inductance (mutual

inductance).

In the scheme of the transformer on the side, when an electric current flowing from voltage source

the primary coil turn (change polarity) magnetic field generated will

changing direction so that the electric current generated in the secondary coil will change

polarity.
The relationship between the primary voltage, the number of primary winding, secondary voltage, and the number of winding

secondary, can be expressed in the equation:
Vp = Primary voltage (volts)
Vs = secondary voltage (volts)
Np = number of primary winding
Ns = number of secondary winding

Based on the comparison between the number of primary winding and secondary winding of the transformer

There are two types:

1. Step-up transformer is a transformer that converts low-voltage alternating

be high, this transformer has a number of secondary coil windings more

than the number of primary winding (Ns> Np).
2. Step-down transformer is a transformer that converts high voltage alternating

becomes low, the transformer has a primary coil winding number more

than the number of secondary windings (Np> Ns).

In the transformer (transformer) voltage issued by the secondary coil is:

1. Proportional to the number of secondary winding (Vs ~ Ns).
2. Equal to the primary voltage (VS ~ VP).
3. Inversely proportional to the number of primary winding,

Use of Transformer

Transformer (transformer) is used in electrical equipment particularly those requiring a change or

adjustment of the alternating voltage. Eg radio requires a voltage of 12 volts while

220 volts of electricity, it is necessary to change the voltage transformer

alternating voltage is 220 volts to 12 volts alternating. Examples of electrical equipment

require the transformer is: TV, computer, copy machine, electric substations and so forth.

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When Operated Transformer Condition Inspection

Maintenance and Condition Monitoring of Transformer, if his English: "Transformer Condition Monitoring and Maintenance "...( good ...?!! But we must be proud of their own language ... do not ya?). This article is to complement previous articles about the transformer or transformers (up, whichever you use, if I prefer to call it Tr).

By doing regular maintenance and condition monitoring of transformer during operation will be many benefits gained, among others:
• Improving the reliability of transformer.
• Extend the life.
• If the lifetime is longer, it will automatically save the cost of replacing the unit transformer.

The treatment steps of transformers, among other things:
• Periodically check the quality of insulating oil.
• Inspection / Periodic direct observation (Visual Inspection)
• Check carefully-examination (overhauls) are scheduled.

-Main Components Transformer Components

for more details you can read the previous article, "Component-Component transformers", but I show a little of its main components, namely:
• On-load tap changer (OLTC)
• Bushing
• Insulator / insulation
• Gasket
• System filter / oil filter isolation
• Equipment protection;
- Valves or valves
- Relay
- Measuring tools and indicators

When Operated Transformer Condition Inspection

Transformer operating at the time there was some examination and analysis should be done, among others:

1. Examination and analysis of transformer insulating oil, includes:
- Voltage translucent (breakdown voltage)
- Dissolved Gas Analysis (Dissolved gas analysis, DGA)
- Analysis of the overall insulation oil (once every 10 years)

• Examination and analysis of dissolved gas content (Dissolved gas analysis, DGA), to prevent: (partial) discharges, failure of thermal (thermal faults), Deterioration / deterioration of insulating paper / laminate.

• Examination and analysis of the overall insulation oil, includes: power factor (cf. Tan δ), water content (water content), neutralisation number, interfacial tension, analysis and content of furfural negative catalyst (inhibitor content)

2. Direct Observation and Inspection (Visual inspections)
- The physical condition of the transformer as a whole.
- Measuring tools, relays, filter / filters, etc.
- Inspection by using infra-red (infrared monitoring),
every two years.

Actions are usually done at the time of Accurate Inspection (overhaul)

1. Maintenance and inspection light (Minor overhaul), every three or six years.
- On-load tap-Changers
- Oil filtering and vacuum treatment
- Relays and auxiliary devices.

2. Care and thorough examination (Major overhaul)
- Technically, at least one time during its lifetime.
- Cleansing, toning and drying again.

3. Chemical Analysis
- Analysis of insulating paper / laminate (once every 10 years)

4. Electrical Testing (Electrical Test) for equipment;
- Power transformers
- Bushings
- Measuring transformers (transformer measurement)
- Breaker capacitors

Electrical Testing (electrical test) done at least every 6-9 years. Tests performed include;
a. Double measurements
b. PD-measurement
c. Responce Frequency Analysis, FRA
d. voltage tests

Causes of short circuit within the transformer, among others:

• Impaired short circuit between windings for damage to the laminate.
• Changes in gas content of H2, CH4, CO, C2H4 and C2H2

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