UTP ( unshielded twisted pair)
UTP cable or unshielded twisted pair cable is the cable used to create a computer network or cable network which contains four (4) pairs of wires that each pair is the twin with RJ-45 connector end.
Type / Type category UTP Cable / Unshielded Twisted Pair:
- Category 1: For a voice connection / phone line / phone
- Category 2: For the protocol LocalTalk (Apple) with data rates up to 4 Mbps
- Category 3: For the Ethernet protocol with data rates up to 10 Mbps
- Category 4: For 16 Mbps token ring protocol (IBM) with data rates up to 20 Mbps
- Category 5: For fast ethernet protocol with data rates up to 100 Mbps.
There are 3 types of UTP cables which are distinguished by category (cat): - UTP cat 3 for 10Base-T system (Standard Ethernet) with 10Mbps speed UTP cat-5 for the 100Base-T (Fast Ethernet) 100Mbps speed with UTP cat-5 Enhanced system for 1000Base-T (Gigabit Ethernet) with speed 1Gbps.Media Connection As media liaison between computers, we will need a cable. Since the STT Telkom network using a hub or switch, then the cable required is UTP (Unshielded Twisted Pair).
UTP cable has the following characteristics: - Connector in use at the end of the cable (any type / category) RJ45-UTP is composed of 4 pairs (pair) cable that was twisted (twisted) - 1 pair for Tx (send information) is on pin number 1 (TX +) & 2 (TX-) - 1 pair for Rx (receive information), namely the pin number 3 (RX +) & 6 (RX-) - 2 pairs of unused (Not Connected), interchangeable used to transmit electrical power (power over Ethernet) to distribute devices that exist at the end of the straight-wire UTP cable: if the end A is connected directly with the end B (TXA, TXB, RXA-RXB) - the cable cross: if the tip A cross-connected with the end B (TXA, RXB, RXA-TXB) - straight cables used to connect computers with hub (switch) - cross cable used to connect the hub (switch) with a hub (switch)-The maximum length of any other wearable UTP cable to distribute information is 50mtr
way utp cabling
UTP cabling to the RJ-45 port can not be used at random color sequence. For specific use, must use a different color sequence because it has become the rule. If the rule is ignored, then the connection will fail, or less than the maximum.
How to network cabling with UTP cable transmission medium is divided into two, namely:
- Straigh-Through
- Cross-Over
1. Straigh-Through
UTP cable with the installation of straigh-through is used if the relationship between:
· Port Ethernet / FastEthernet Router with Ethernet port located at the hub.
· Port Ethernet / FastEthernet Router with Port Ethernet / FastEthernet contained in the switch.
· Network adhapter installed on a PC with an Ethernet port on the hub.
· Network adhapter installed on a PC with an Ethernet port / FastEthernet at the switch.
2. Cross-Over
UTP cabling by means of cross-over is used if the relationship between:
- Switch to a switch.
- Hub to the switch.
- Hub to hub.
- Router with the router.
- NetPC with PC directly.
How to install RJ-45 connectors to the ends of UTP cable:
· Open and loose wrapping UTP cable using crimping pliers.
· Sort wire in accordance with international standards.
· Trim and flatten the ends of the wire 8 which has been sorted.
· Wire that has been sorted is inserted into the RJ-45 connector and make sure the order does not change.
· Make sure that the tip 8 wire is inserted to reach the deepest part (ends) RJ-45 connector.
· Lock RJ-45 UTP using crimping pliers.
· does the same at the other end of the cable.
· Check both ends of the cable connection using UTP cable tester
STP CABLE
Cable STP (Shielded Twisted Pair) is one type of cable used in computer networks. This cable contains two cable pairs (four wires), each pair twisted (twisted). Each cable is a cable with single core copper wire isolator. The four cable is wrapped with woven fiber cable that serves as a protective and grounding (shielded).
As the outer protective layer of insulator which is a leather cord. Ata this cable capable of transmitting up to 16 Mbps with a maximum distance of 100 meters.
Coaxial (Coaxial cable)
Coaxial cable is a copper wire that was covered by several protective where these protectors have the following functions:
Conductor, a single cable or fiber cable which is at the core of Coaxial cable. This section is part of the cable used for data transmission or a data cable.
Insulator in, an insulating layer between the conductor with a grounding, which also serves as a protective core cable (conductor).
Outer insulator, the insulator layer of the skin which is also a cable.
There are several types of coaxial cable used in computer networks, namely:
Coaxial RG-62A / U
Coaxial RG-58A / U (thinnet)
Coaxial RG-8 (Yellow Cable / Thicknet)
a. Coaxial cable RG-62A / U
Coaxial cable RG-62A / U Coaxial cable is a small, black with a core fiber cable. The size of this cable approximately 0:25 inch (6 mm). Coaxial cable is capable of transferring data at speeds reaching 2.5 Mbps, which is a low-speed low enough for a data communication within a computer network, but due to the ease of installation, the cables are widely used. This cable has a impedensi of 93 ohms and capable of transferring data at distances up to 1000 feet on a bus topology and reach 2000 feet in star topology using an active aid hub.
b. Coaxial cable RG-58A / U (thinnet) Baseband
Coaxial cable RG-58A / U is a small black coaxial cable similar to coaxial cable RG-62A / U. Coaxial cable RG-58A / U cable using a core of a single copper cable, but some are using fiber cable. This cable has a impedensi of 50 ohms. This cable is capable of connecting up to 30 network nodes (node) with a maximum distance reached 185 meters (607 feet).
c. RG-8 Coaxial Cable (Yellow Cable / Thicknet) Broadband
Coaxial Cable RG-8 is colored yellow, the cord is often called the Yellow Cable. Coaxial cable has a physical size two times larger than the coaxial cable RG-58A / U, ie a diameter of 13 mm (0.5 inch). However, this cable has a value equal to the independence of coaxial cable RG-58A / U, which is 50 ohms. Coaxial cable is capable of transmitting data up to a distance of 500 meters without repeaters or other enhancements
FIBER OPTIC
Fiber optics is one type of media data transfer in computer networks. At first glance looks like a cable, but unlike other cable because this medium to transfer data in the form of light. To use the fiber optic network card that has the required connector type ST (ST connector). The major advantage compared to fiber optic cable media is in terms of data transfer speed is quite high. In addition, the fiber optic cable capable of transferring data at a considerable distance, namely reach 1 mile without the aid of a repeater device. Fiber optimism also has advantages in terms of accuracy and security of data transmission. This is possible because optical fiber is not affected by interference from wild frequencies that may exist along the transmission path.
The weakness of existing fiber optic on the high level of difficulty in the installation process. Given that these media transmit data in the form of light waves, it can not install this medium in the path turns sharply or angled. If forced to turn, it should bend the curve. In addition it also should really avoid the possibility of physical pressure on the media.
Multi Mode Fiber Optic
This type of fiber optic light propagates from one end to the other place through some streaks of light.
Fiber Optic Single Mode
Fibre optic single mode or mono mode has a core diameter (core) is very small 3-10 mm, so that only one beam of light that can pass through
Network Interface Card (NIC)
Network Interface Card is an electronic board means that planted on any computer connected to the network. There are three things to be aware of suati NIC card type, protocol type and the type of cable supports. There are two types of cards, the PCI and ISA.
In terms of protocol, type of protocol which is currently the most widely used Ethernet and Fast Ethernet, the other an IBM Token Ring and ARCNet. In choosing the card must conform with the type of cable that have been / will be installed. If summarized the characteristics that determine the type of card is the combination of the following:
PCI (UTP)
PCI (UTP - BNC)
PCI Combo (UTP - BNC - AUI)
ISA (UTP)
ISA (UTP - BNC)
ISA Combo (UTP - BNC - AUI)
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