The transformer consists of three main components

The transformer is a tool used to raise or lower the voltage alternating

(AC). The transformer consists of three main components namely: the first coil (primary) which

act as an input, the second coil (secondary), which acts as the output, and an iron core

which serves to strengthen the magnetic field generated.

The working principle of a transformer are as follows. When the primary coil

connected with the source of alternating voltage, electric current changes in the primary coil

cause a changing magnetic field. A changing magnetic field is strengthened by the presence of an

iron and iron core is delivered to the secondary coil, so that at the ends of the coil

secondary induced emf will arise. This effect is called mutual inductance (mutual

inductance).

In the scheme of the transformer on the side, when an electric current flowing from voltage source

the primary coil turn (change polarity) magnetic field generated will

changing direction so that the electric current generated in the secondary coil will change

polarity.
The relationship between the primary voltage, the number of primary winding, secondary voltage, and the number of winding

secondary, can be expressed in the equation:
Vp = Primary voltage (volts)
Vs = secondary voltage (volts)
Np = number of primary winding
Ns = number of secondary winding

Based on the comparison between the number of primary winding and secondary winding of the transformer

There are two types:

1. Step-up transformer is a transformer that converts low-voltage alternating

be high, this transformer has a number of secondary coil windings more

than the number of primary winding (Ns> Np).
2. Step-down transformer is a transformer that converts high voltage alternating

becomes low, the transformer has a primary coil winding number more

than the number of secondary windings (Np> Ns).

In the transformer (transformer) voltage issued by the secondary coil is:

1. Proportional to the number of secondary winding (Vs ~ Ns).
2. Equal to the primary voltage (VS ~ VP).
3. Inversely proportional to the number of primary winding,

Use of Transformer

Transformer (transformer) is used in electrical equipment particularly those requiring a change or

adjustment of the alternating voltage. Eg radio requires a voltage of 12 volts while

220 volts of electricity, it is necessary to change the voltage transformer

alternating voltage is 220 volts to 12 volts alternating. Examples of electrical equipment

require the transformer is: TV, computer, copy machine, electric substations and so forth.